Warning (2): Invalid argument supplied for foreach() [APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 669]Code Context $count = $current = 0;
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
//pr($key);
$array = null
$id = '1333'
$found = false
$next = false
$prev = false
$count = (int) 0
$current = (int) 0
App\Controller\AppController::getPrevNext() - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 669
App\Controller\PublicationsController::view() - APP/Controller/PublicationsController.php, line 135
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 606
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Routing\Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 66
Cake\Controller\Controller::requestAction() - CORE/src/Routing/RequestActionTrait.php, line 181
App\Controller\MenusController::actionRequest() - APP/Controller/MenusController.php, line 745
eval - APP/Controller/MenusController.php(326) : eval()'d code, line 1
App\Controller\MenusController::index() - APP/Controller/MenusController.php, line 326
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 606
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Routing\Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 66
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 43
Warning (2): count() [<a href='https://secure.php.net/function.count'>function.count</a>]: Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable [APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 689]Code Context }
$count = count($array);
$this->set(compact(['next', 'prev', 'current', 'count']));
$array = null
$id = '1333'
$found = false
$next = false
$prev = false
$count = (int) 0
$current = (int) 0
count - [internal], line ??
App\Controller\AppController::getPrevNext() - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 689
App\Controller\PublicationsController::view() - APP/Controller/PublicationsController.php, line 135
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 606
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Routing\Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 66
Cake\Controller\Controller::requestAction() - CORE/src/Routing/RequestActionTrait.php, line 181
App\Controller\MenusController::actionRequest() - APP/Controller/MenusController.php, line 745
eval - APP/Controller/MenusController.php(326) : eval()'d code, line 1
App\Controller\MenusController::index() - APP/Controller/MenusController.php, line 326
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 606
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 120
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 94
Cake\Routing\Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 66
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 43
Publication | Peer reviewed papers | Potentiale, Bioenergiesysteme, Logistik
Fault detective: Automatic fault-detection for solar thermal systems based on artificial intelligence
Feierl L, Unterberger V, Rossi C, Gerardts B, Gaetani M
Published 2023
Citation: Feierl L, Unterberger V, Rossi C, Gerardts B, Gaetani M. Fault detective: Automatic fault-detection for solar thermal systems based on artificial intelligence. Solar Energy Advances 2023;3:100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2023.100033.
Abstract
Fault-Detection (FD) is essential to ensure the performance of solar thermal systems. However, manually analyzing the system can be time-consuming, error-prone, and requires extensive domain knowledge. On the other hand, existing FD algorithms are often too complicated to set up, limited to specific system layouts, or have only limited fault coverage. Hence, a new FD algorithm called Fault-Detective is presented in this paper, which is purely data-driven and can be applied to a wide range of system layouts with minimal configuration effort. It automatically identifies correlated sensors and models their behavior using Random-Forest-Regression. Faults are then detected by comparing predicted and measured values.
The algorithm is tested using data from three large-scale solar thermal systems to evaluate its applicability and performance. The results are compared to manual fault detection performed by a domain expert. The evaluation shows that Fault-Detective can successfully identify correlated sensors and model their behavior well, resulting in coefficient-of-determination scores between R²=0.91 and R²=1.00. In addition, all faults detected by the domain experts were correctly spotted by Fault-Detective. The algorithm even identified some faults that the experts missed. However, the use of Fault-Detective is limited by the low precision score of 30% when monitoring temperature sensors. The reason for this is a high number of false alarms raised due to anomalies (e.g., consecutive days with bad weather) instead of faults. Nevertheless, the algorithm shows promising results for monitoring the thermal power of the systems, with an average precision score of 91%.
External Link